Papers for Vol. 33(2) 2025
Exploring the Ethical Implications and Cultural
Considerations in Using AI Technologies for EFL
Abstract: This study investigates the ethical implications and cultural considerations in implementing AI technologies within English as a Foreign Language (EFL) education in Saudi Arabia. The research employed a mixedmethods approach, collecting data from 27 EFL professors across various Saudi higher education institutions. Through questionnaires and structured surveys, the study examined educator perspectives on AI implementation, ethical concerns, cultural preservation, and professional development needs. Key findings reveal significant tensions between technological advancement and cultural preservation, with 66.7% of educators expressing concerns about AI's impact on traditional teaching values. The study identified critical gaps in ethical frameworks, particularly regarding plagiarism detection (68% reporting increased risks) and data privacy concerns. Cultural integration emerged as a paramount consideration, with notable disparities between urban and rural institutions in AI adoption rates and infrastructure support. Professional development needs were highlighted, with 84% of educators prioritizing technical training while struggling to balance AI implementation with cultural sensitivity. The research concludes that successful AI integration in Saudi EFL education requires a culturally-contained approach that aligns with traditional principles and preserves Arabic linguistic traditions. Recommendations include developing comprehensive AI ethics guidelines, implementing culturally-sensitive training programs, and establishing robust assessment frameworks. These findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge on culturally appropriate AI integration in educational contexts and provide practical guidelines for institutions navigating the complex intersection of technology, culture, and pedagogy in Saudi Arabia. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, EFL Education, Cultural Preservation, Ethical Implementation, Saudi Arabia
Omer Elsheikh Hago Elmahdi, Faris Salim Allehyani, Mohammed AbdAlgane
https://doi.org/10. 62250/nsuk.2025.33.2.1-30
Gastronomic Experience and Destination Loyalty:
A Study of the Adana International Orange
Blossom Festival, Turkey
Abstract
This study aims to determine tourists' gastronomy destination awareness, destination loyalty, and experience
perceptions in the context of sustainable tourism. In this context, an attempt was made to determine the
opinions of tourists attending the Adana International Orange Blossom Festival through the prepared survey.
A survey consisting of two parts and 35 statements was used in this study. The research data collection process
consists of tourists who could be reached between April 13, 2024, and April 21, 2024. The survey prepared in
order to provide an acceptable sample size (384 participants) for the universe size was delivered to the tourists
attending the Adana International Orange Blossom Festival through face-to-face communication. As a result
of the analysis (SPSS 24.0) conducted within the scope of the research; it was determined that the majority of
the participants were between the ages of 25-60, male, married, and had a monthly income of 17003 TL-50000
TL. Significant differences were found between the research dimensions and the participants' age, gender,
marital status, and monthly income. In the analysis, it was also found that there was a moderate and positive
relationship between destination awareness and destination experience perception; a moderate and positive
relationship was found between destination experience perception and destination loyalty, and a moderate and
positive relationship was found between destination loyalty and destination awareness. This situation reveals a
positive relationship between destination awareness and destination experience perception and loyalty.
Keywords: Tourism, Gastronomy, Destination Awareness, Destination Loyalty, Experience Perception
Emrah Örgün, Onur Atak, Onur Çelen, Ayd?n Ünal, Hülya Eraslan
https://doi.org/10. 62250/nsuk.2025.33.2.31-46
Contemplating the Contributions of Richard Chijioke Okafor
to Nigerian Music Discourse: A Tribute
Abstract
A constraint in Nigerian music historiography and scholarly discourses at the moment is the unavailability of
literature on Nigerian music scholars, composers, educators, performers, and exponents. Very few attempts
have been directed at filling this gap, resulting in targeted presentations on some notable Nigerian scholars
who made valuable contributions to music education, composition, performance, and scholarship. Available
contributions are on Meki Nzewi, Mosunmola Omibiyi-Obidike, Dan Agu, Godwin Idolor, Olayemi Olaniyan,
Emeka Mbanugo, Femi Adedeji, Isaac Idamoyibo, Young-Sook Onyiuke, and Arua Ogisi. These dedicated
works provide access to various aspects of the life and contributions of the musicologists. This leaves a wide gap
in the literature, requiring deliberate efforts to document and disseminate more information on the large
number of Nigerians who have made significant contributions to the growth and development of formal and
literary music activities, education, and discourses in Nigeria. Compared to their international counterparts, it
is evident that scholars such as William Wilberforce Chukwudinka Echezona, Akin Euba, Ayo Bankole,
Samuel Akpabot, Richard Okafor, Joshua Uzoigwe, Bode Omojola, Onyee Nwankpa, etc., are outstanding
contributors who have little or nothing about them in Nigerian music literature. While a few lines are
dedicated to some of them in more general discourses, it is quite compelling to generate rich literature as a
necessity and complement to music studies within and outside Nigeria. Thus, this is an attempt that presents a
summary of the place and contributions of Richard Chijioke Okafor to Nigerian music discourse. Using
descriptive, historical, and analytical methods, the paper validates and presents Richard Chijioke Okafor as one
of the unequivocal and significant contributors who shaped the trajectory of Nigerian music discourse within
and outside Nigeria in research, scholarship, and pedagogy.
Keywords: Richard Chijioke Okafor, Musicology, Scholarship, Pedagogy, Nigerian Music
Christian Onyeji, Elizabeth Onyeji
https://doi.org/10. 62250/nsuk.2025.33.2.47-59
Justice Reimagined: The Intersection of Sen's and Rawls' Theories
Abstract
The intersection of Amartya Sen's and John Rawls' theories presents a compelling exploration of justice,
focusing on the moral and ethical dimensions of society. While both philosophers aim to establish frameworks
for justice and fairness, their approaches and emphases differ significantly. This article examines and
interrogates Amartya Sen's conception of justice in contemporary society and its relation to John Rawls. Sen
critiques Rawls' theory of justice, which leads him to develop an alternative approach to addressing issues of
injustice. Through a detailed analysis of Sen's ideas, it becomes evident that he believes individuals possess the
capacity to distinguish between justice and injustice. Drawing from Adam Smith's concept of the unbiased
spectator in his Theory of Moral Sentiments, Sen employs this notion to tackle the complexities of political
justice. In his works, Sen proposes the Capability Model as a viable solution to the challenges of achieving
equal justice. The synthesis of their theories reveals shared concerns for the disadvantaged while calling for
policy implications that transcend mere distribution, focusing instead on enhancing individuals' capabilities
through education and social services. Ultimately, the convergence of Sen's and Rawls' insights enriches the
discourse on justice, advocating for a comprehensive understanding that addresses inequalities and recognizes
the complexities of human life.
Keywords: Justice, Amartya Sen, John Rawls, Capability Model, Policy Implications
Chidi Paul Orji Rufus Godswill Nwagbara
https://doi.org/10. 62250/nsuk.2025.33.2.60-75
Evaluation of Host-Guest Interactions: Demographic Influences on
Local Perceptions in Tourism
Abstract
This study attempted to reveal the perceived benefits of local people hosting tourists in tourism destinations
during their interactions with tourists. In order to achieve this aim, the quantitative research method was
adopted in the study and the host-guest interaction scale developed by Su & Wall (2010) was adapted to
Turkish. Validity and reliability analyses were conducted during the adaptation process of the scale to Turkish
and the five-factor structure was confirmed as a result of the confirmatory factor analysis. According to the
reliability analysis of the scale, the general internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach's Alpha) of the scale was
found to be quite high (α=0,957). The reliability coefficients of the sub-dimensions were also high: emotional
uplift sub-dimension (α=0,941), local pride sub-dimension (α=0,926), altruism sub-dimension (α=0,918),
destination attractiveness sub-dimension (α=0,942) and self-development sub-dimension (α=0,930). 533 valid
data were evaluated in a computer environment using the SPSS Statistics (22.0). When the distribution of the
participants according to their descriptive characteristics was examined, it was determined that the majority
were male (n=268) according to the gender variable, 33 years of age and above (n=363) according to the age
variable and had a higher education degree (n=461) according to their educational status. The total HGI score
average of the 533 participants in the study was 5,792 (sd=0,807), indicating that the participants generally
perceived their interactions with tourists as positive and beneficial. The highest score among the subdimensions
was 5,901 (sd=0,919) for the altruism sub-dimension. This situation shows that the local people
find it important to help tourists and create a supportive environment. Destination attractiveness received the
lowest score of 5,596 (sd=0,916), suggesting that tourists' interest in the region is not perceived as high as
other factors. As a result, the research findings reveal that host-guest interactions differ significantly according
to demographic variables such as age and education level, while variables such as gender and duration of
residence have more limited effects. These findings necessitate the development of tourism policies that are
sensitive to the characteristics of the local population, participatory, and culturally aware.
Keywords: Tourism, Locals, Interaction, Travel Behavior, Türkiye.
Gizem Özgürel, Afitap Bulut, Özge Güdü Demirbulat, Sadife ?im?ek, Ayd?n Ünal5
https://doi.org/10. 62250/nsuk.2025.33.2.76-88
Academic Predators: Gendered Vulnerability and Institutional
Complicity in Kunle Afolayan's Citation
Abstract
Kunle Afolayan's Citation (2020) offers a poignant exploration of sexual harassment in academia, shedding
light on the gendered vulnerabilities that female students face and the institutional complicity that often
enables predatory behaviour. This article
Austin Chibueze Okeke 1, Uche Okey Ofoedu 2, Kasarachi Collins Okpe 3, Adaustin Ifeoma
Okeke 4, Nelson Torti Obasi 5, Jonathan Chidi Ezeh6, Ijeoma Prudence Orji7, Cynthia
Chinenyenwa Nwabueze8
Department of Theatre and Film Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
Correspondence: Uche Okey Ofoedu, uche.ofoedu@unn.edu.ng
examines the film's portrayal of power dynamics within the
reputational concerns.
Keywords: Sexual Harassment, Gendered Vulnerability, Institutional Complicity, Academic Power
Dynamics, Feminist Resistance
Austin Chibueze Okeke , Uche Okey Ofoedu , Kasarachi Collins Okpe , Adaustin Ifeoma Okeke , Nelson Torti Obasi , Jonathan Chidi Ezeh , Ijeoma Prudence Orji , Cynthia Chinenyenwa Nwabueze
https://doi.org/10. 62250/nsuk.2025.33.2.89-97
Coherence in Communication: Analyzing Discourse
Markers in Punch and Vanguard
Abstract
Discourse markers are linguistic devices used to signal relationships between ideas, structure discourse, and
facilitate communication. This research investigates discourse markers in selected Nigerian Newspapers
articles published in Punch and Vanguard (June 2023). The major objectives are to: identify the types of
discourse markers, analyze the functions of discourse markers, and ascertain the dominant discourse markers
in the selected Nigerian Newspapers articles using Halliday and Hasan's classification of discourse markers.
The data in this study were purposively selected from Nigerian newspaper articles, namely, Punch and
Vanguard (June 2023). The methods of data analysis utilized are both qualitative and quantitative. The result
of this research shows that the additive discourse marker is the most dominant discourse marker used in the
selected Nigerian newspaper articles. Through quantitative analysis, additive markers, positioned strategically
throughout the text, wielded a substantial influence on shaping the discourse's trajectory and fostering a
smoother flow of information. A total of 25 discourse markers were discovered. The additive discourse marker is
39.29%, the adversative discourse marker is 21.43% while the continuative/temporal discourse marker is
21.43%, and finally, the causal discourse marker is 17.85%. The discovery underscored their integral role in
maintaining text coherence and guiding reader interpretation, functioning as connective threads within the
narrative fabrics.
Keywords: Media Discourse, Coherence, Additive Discourse Markers, Adversative Discourse Markers,
Casual Discourse Markers, Continuative/Temporal Discourse Markers
Kate Chika Ojukwu, Chiamaka Assumpta Ozokafor
https://doi.org/10. 62250/nsuk.2025.33.2.98-116
Reintegration Dynamics: The Vital Role of Non-State
Actors in Supporting Returnees in Nigeria
Abstract
Return migration is a growing phenomenon in Nigeria, driven by voluntary and forced returns from countries
across the globe. This study explores the role of non-state actors (NSAs)—including NGOs, faith-based
groups, and civil society organizations—in the reintegration of returnees in Lagos State, Nigeria. Using a
qualitative design, the research draws on a desk review of migration literature and key informant interviews
with four non-state Actors. Findings reveal that NSAs play crucial roles in providing psychosocial support,
economic empowerment, legal aid, and referral-based healthcare and shelter services. Despite their efforts, they
face numerous challenges, including limited funding, lack of data profiling, abandonment of reintegration by
returnees, and unmet expectations. The study highlights the need for policy reforms, capacity building,
improved funding, and enhanced collaboration among stakeholders to strengthen reintegration outcomes. It
contributes to migration scholarship and offers practical recommendations for sustainable returnee
reintegration frameworks in Nigeria.
Keywords: Non-State Actors, Returnees, Reintegration, Migration, Lagos, Psychosocial Support, Economic
Empowerment
Funke Bukola Adeyeye, Ayotunde Titilayo
https://doi.org/10. 62250/nsuk.2025.33.2.117-132
Navigating Modernity: Social Dynamics and Cultural
Resilience in Post-Contact Igala Society
Abstract
This study investigates the social dynamics and cultural resilience of the Igala society in the context of postcontact
modernity. Existing literature predominantly focuses on the historical narratives, kingship structures,
and cultural myths of the Igala people, often overlooking the nuances of their social practices in response to
external influences. Employing a qualitative-dominant methodology, this research leverages both primary and
secondary sources to explore the evolving trends within Igala historical development, particularly in the face of
foreign religions and Western ideologies. The findings reveal that despite being a society in transition, the Igala
community has demonstrated remarkable adaptability, navigating the challenges posed by modernization while
maintaining core elements of its cultural identity. This study highlights the processes through which the Igala
people absorb and renegotiate external influences, achieving a delicate equilibrium in their social fabric. By
shedding light on the interplay between tradition and modernity, this research contributes to a deeper
understanding of cultural resilience in contemporary African societies.
Keywords: Igala Society, Modernity, Cultural Resilience, Social Dynamics, Post-Contact, Cultural
Adaptation
Chinyere Isaac Madukwe, Emmanuel T. Eyeh, Uzuegbu Joshua Okenwa, Obinna U. Muoh, Ubaka Cosmas Molokwu, Justus Femi Chukwudi, Jonas Olisaemeka Eze
https://doi.org/10. 62250/nsuk.2025.33.2.133-147
Spatial Dynamics of Political Violence in Nigeria: Regional Patterns,
Governance Failures, and Conflict Trends
Abstract
This article examines the spatial dynamics of political violence in Nigeria between January 1997 and April
2025. Drawing from the Conflict Theory and Henri Lefebvre's spatial triad, the study adopts a longitudinal,
multi-scalar perspective that highlights region-specific patterns of conflict The paper identifies recurring
conflict clusters shaped by institutional fragility and regional marginalization using empirical data from the
Armed Conflict Location and Event Dataset (ACLED), Nigeria Security Tracker (NST), World Bank
Governance Indicators, and Freedom House Civil Liberties Reports. Findings show that the North East
remains an epicentre of insurgency, the North West is increasingly dominated by rural banditry, and
separatist agitations escalate in the South East. The study demonstrates that political violence is strongly
correlated with governance deficits, political exclusion, and spatial neglect. It concludes with a call for regionsensitive
peacebuilding, improved subnational governance, and community-based early warning systems.
Keywords: Political violence, Nigeria, Spatial analysis, Conflict geography, Governance indicators, Civil
liberties, State fragility
Nkiruka Stella Okonkwo, Tajudeen Ademola Akanji
https://doi.org/10. 62250/nsuk.2025.33.2.148-175
Music Education in a Digital Era: Analyzing the NCCE Curriculum
for Student-Teacher Efficacy
Abstract
Scholarship on music teacher curriculum is replete in literature. There is however thin or nothing
done on the 2020 edition of the NCCE Music Curriculum on student-teacher preparation for the
digital economy hence the need for the study. This study therefore investigates the document toward
equipping the music student teacher with skills to fully explore music in a digital economy. The
research adopted a qualitative research design. Grounded theory guided the study. The population of
the study is the Nigerian Music Lecturers at the Colleges of Education for the National Certificate in
Education Programme at Southeastern Nigeria. Purposive sampling was adopted to select four
Colleges of Education in the Southeastern region. In each of the Colleges, five Music Lecturers were
sampled. The total sample for this study was 20 music lecturers. Data were collected through
interviews and a review of the NCCE Music Curriculum document. Interview and curriculum
content were analyzed using thematic analytical tools. The study revealed the inadequacy of the
curriculum to train students that navigate in a digital economy starting from its philosophy,
objectives, facilities, personnel, courses, mode of instruction et cetera. We argue the philosophy of
music should be humanness as an end not as a means. Serious care should be taken in this technologydriven
economy such that humanness which is the core value of music is not sacrificed. There is a
need for lecturers to upgrade themselves by acquiring skills, knowledge, and methods pertinent to this
era towards preparing students to function effectively in the digital economy. Our thesis as well is
that the government should fund education by providing the necessary facilities for the preparation of
the teachers because quality teachers birth quality education and quality education begets a robust and
digitalized economy.
Keywords: Nigeria music teacher education, NCCE 2020 Music curriculum, Digital economy,
Blended learning, Computer technology
Calista A. N. Ugwu, Ifeoma P. Okechukwu, Cyril O. Ajamgbe & Izuchukwu J. Ewulu
https://doi.org/10. 62250/nsuk.2025.33.2.176-187
Towards Inclusive Tourism Development: Unpacking Community
Engagement in Nigeria's Ecotourism Landscape
Abstract
This study investigates the critical role of community involvement and stakeholders‟ collaboration
(CI&SC) in sustainable tourism planning and development (TPD) within emerging economies,
specifically focusing on Owerre-Ezukala, Nigeria. Drawing on qualitative methods, the research
explores the challenges and opportunities associated with CI&SC, highlighting significant issues such
as community internal rifts, funding deficiencies, government engagement, elite domination, and
exaggerated expectations. These findings challenge and complement previous literature, suggesting
that while CI&SC in Nigeria faces notable obstacles; many issues are surmountable with proactive
government interest in tourism development. The study emphasizes the necessity for an emic
understanding of the socio-cultural and economic contexts affecting community engagement in TPD.
By elucidating the dynamics between host communities and governmental stakeholders, this research
aims to provide actionable insights for policymakers, tourism practitioners, and scholars. The findings
not only contribute to the theoretical discourse on sustainable tourism in developing nations but also
serve as a comparative framework for similar regions striving for effective collaboration and
community involvement in tourism initiatives. Further empirical research is recommended to enhance
our understanding and implementation of CI&SC strategies for sustainable tourism development in
Nigeria and beyond.
Keywords: Community Involvement, Stakeholders Collaboration, Sustainable Tourism, Tourism
Planning and Development, Ecotourism, Emerging Economies
Chigozie Jude Odum, Joy Ejikeme
https://doi.org/10. 62250/nsuk.2025.33.2.188-194
Impact of Islamic Sleep Practices and Scientific Perspectives on
Mental and Physical Performance
Abstract
Sleep plays a pivotal role in maintaining physical health and enhancing cognitive functions. Islamic teachings
emphasize specific sleep practices, such as early bedtime, waking up for dawn prayers, and sleeping on the right
side, which aim to balance mental, spiritual, and physical well-being. Modern scientific research increasingly
supports these practices, highlighting their benefits for memory, focus, and overall vitality. This study explores
the intersection of Islamic sleep etiquette and scientific findings, analyzing how these habits influence cognitive
and physical performance. A sample of 159 female students from Umm Al-Qura University participated in
this research. Data collection involved sleep habit assessments and cognitive ability tests to evaluate memory,
perception, and associative skills. The results revealed that adherence to Islamic sleep habits significantly
improves mental clarity, emotional balance, and daily energy levels. These findings advocate for a harmonious
integration of spiritual guidance and scientific understanding to foster healthier lifestyles.
Keywords: Islamic Sleep Practices, Cognitive Performance, Health Benefits, Scientific Research
Ahmed Mohammed Ahmed Al-Haddar, Saad Eldin Mansor Mohammed, Omar Abdellah Ahmed Kolaib, Mostafa Hassan Mohamed El Khayat, Rosmalizawati Binti Ab Rashid, Wan Khairul Aiman Wan Mokhtar, Mohammad Ishaque Husain
https://doi.org/10. 62250/nsuk.2025.33.2.195-206
Voicing the Pain: Bibliotherapy, Scriptotherapy and Gender-based
Violence in Yejide Kilanko's Daughters Who Walk this Path
Abstract
Developments in medical education and medical humanities have expanded into a multidisciplinary
approach that engages with narratives of illness, trauma, and mental health-related disorders. It
underscored the role that literature plays in deepening the understanding of clinical practice and
patient experiences by offering insights into how illness is perceived, narrated, and treated, especially
when it is narrated by an healthcare professional. This study examined how Yejide Kilanko's
professional background as a social worker informs her clinical and prescriptive portrayal of trauma
and recovery in Daughters Who Walk This Path. Using Judith Herman's trauma framework, the
study has shown how Kilanko not only depicts trauma with clinical accuracy but also prescribes
structured pathways to recovery, emphasizing interventions such as voicing out, communal support,
safe spaces, and guided self-recovery. It highlights how patriarchal silence, social stigma, isolation,
and urban pressures intensify trauma in urban spaces like Ibadan and Lagos, and the necessity of
intentional support structures, regardless of setting. The study concludes that Daughters Who Walk
This Path serves as both a fictional representation of trauma and a therapeutic text that validates
survivors' experiences and prescribes structured pathways for healing. It demonstrates the dual
impact of trauma narratives written by professionals, including their therapeutic closure and the risks
of re-traumatisation for victim-survivors, and their role in fostering awareness and critical discourse
on gender-based violence, reinforcing that healing is achievable with appropriate intervention and
sustained communal care.
Keywords: Trauma Narratives, Bibliotherapy and Scriptotherapy, Urban spaces, Gender-based
Violence, Nigerian Literature
Funso Ariyo-Agbaje, Ayodeji Shittu, Oluwatamilore Daniel Anthony
https://doi.org/10. 62250/nsuk.2025.33.2.207-222
Unwana Golden Sand Beach: Unveiling the Potential of Underdeveloped
Coastal Tourism in Southeastern Nigeria
Abstract
Despite the potential of beach tourism to foster social activities and economic growth, its impact on
local communities in developing regions remains underexplored. This paper utilizes Unwana Golden
Sand Beach (UGSB) as a case study to investigate beach tourism development and its implications for
the residents of the Unwana community in Ebonyi State, Southeastern Nigeria. Employing
qualitative research methods, this ethnographic study gathers insights from community members
through face-to-face interviews, aiming to understand their perceptions of tourism and its possible
impacts. Findings reveal that, while UGSB possesses significant tourism potential, it remains largely
underdeveloped and has yet to affect tourism activities in the area. Additionally, the study identifies a
need for active government involvement and stakeholder engagement to harness this potential
sustainably. The research concludes that adhering to sustainable tourism principles could promote
long-term community benefits and preserve the natural and cultural integrity of UGSB, ultimately
enhancing the socio-economic welfare of the Unwana community. Overall, the paper advocates for
harnessing UGSB's potential as a sustainable tourism destination while preserving the cultural and
environmental integrity of the region.
Keywords: Beach tourism, community participation, sustainable development, Unwana, Ebonyi
State, coastal tourism
Ogechi Ivy Anyanwu, Nneoma Grace Ololo, Johnson Ezenwa Arua